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| 1928 |
| | | Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers a mould that selectively kills bacteria, and calls it penicillin | |
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| c. 1935 |
| | | The Austrian zoologist Konrad Lorenz describes his experiments on young geese, with their capacity to imprint on human beings | |
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| 1937 |
| | | German-born British scientist Hans Krebs discovers the biochemical cycle that becomes known by his name | |
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| c. 1948 |
| | | US psychologist B.F. Skinner trains laboratory rats to use their brains in his 'Skinnner box' | |
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| 1949 |
| | | Karl von Frisch demonstrates that bees make use of the polarized light of the sun to calculate direction | |
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| 1953 |
| | | Molecular biologists Francis Crick and James Watson announce their discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA | |
|  | Uncle Sam and John Bull knitting DNA, 1990
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1963 |
| | | US environmentist Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, an impassioned warning of ecological disaster | |
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| 1974 |
| | | Donald Johanson and Tom Gray find an almost complete Australopithecus female skeleton at Hadar in Ethiopia, and nickname her Lucy after the Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds | |
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| 1983 |
| | | Luc Montagnier, at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, discovers a new human retrovirus that he names LAV (later changed to HIV) | |
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| 1984 |
| | | Genetic (or DNA) fingerprinting is invented and developed by British geneticist Alec Jeffreys | |
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